EADS produces world’s first bike using revolutionary ALM technology - ‘grown’ from high-strength nylon powderCalled the ‘Airbike’ because Airbus was the first EADS company to use the technologyNew technology will transform manufacturing around the globe
The Airbike
Article: The future of manufacturing…on two wheels
"This print had several problems. I switched from a 0.5mm nozzle to a 0.25mm nozzle, the 0.25mm nozzle was much more difficult to calibrate. This weird hole/window problem was caused by several things, too low of a temperature, too few perimeter passes, and a imperfect calibrated extrusion. Things I did to fix it: increased temperature from 230 to 245. Increased perimeter passes from 1 to 2. Changed the extrusion multiplier from 1 to 1.05. It took two days to figure out all those changes, but now Yoda prints nearly perfect." Walter Gordy
"3Doodler works on almost any surface, including plastic, allowing users to personalise items such as iPhone cases, or anything else they feel like 3Doodling on," Wobbleworks said on its Kickstarter page. "3Doodler can even be used for minor repair work."
designweek.co.uk Artist Gustav Metzger hooked himself up to a robot carving machine, that turned his brainwaves into a sculpture.
Null Object, a visual representation of Gustav Metzger’s empty thoughts
"Working with art and technology group London Fieldworks, Metzger created 3D shape information based on EEG readings of his brainwaves as he furiously tried to think of nothing." designweek.co.uk
Non only a confusion exists among the public between art and craftmanship, but indeed in many cases expression has been limited by technical difficulties. 3D printing is crossing over the matter (pun intended) therefore allowing a real freedom of creation...
Objet & d-Vision 3D Printing
Revolution in Art & Design using 3D Printing | Objet for Neri Oxman
"In this insightful interview, Neri Oxman,architect, designer and professor of Media Arts and Sciences and Director of the Mediated Matter group at the MIT Media Lab, explains the differences between 'additive' and 'subtractive' manufacturing. Inspired by things that 'grow' in nature, Oxman uses the world's most advanced 3D printing technology - the Objet Connex500 multi-material 3D printer to produce some incredible models which will be on display at the Pompidou Center until August 6th 2012 at the 'Multiversites Creatives' exhibit. Neri also explains 3D printing within the wider paradigm shift in technology and manufacturing - comparing it to the Gutenberg 2D print revolution of the 1440's."
LINKS Articles 83 year-old woman got 3D printed mandible: 3ders.org "The University of Hasselt (Belgium) announced today that Belgian and Dutch scientists have successfully replacing a lower jaw with a 3D printed model for a 83 year-old woman. According to the researchers, It is the first custom-made implant in the world to replace an entire lower jaw..."
3D-geprinte onderkaak voor hoogbejaarde vrouw: depers.nl
Here comes the copyright infringement question concerning 3D printed objects. As 3D printers are getting much less expensive, one can expect a soon to be time when a certain number of objects will be home made. Of course, objects can be designed with a 3D software, but a shortcut would be to scan the original piece and simply copy it.
But we can expect finding online specialised sites which will offer, free of charge or for a small amount, ready to print 3D files. This new market will probably bring up the same problems we are witnessing with music and video downloading:
As soon as some smart ass will create an equivalent to DivX/ MP3 compression standard, 3D files will be easy to get and millions of artefacts, originally designed and produced by industries, are going to be scanned, available and shared online.
While the already obsolete war on piracy is on, it seems that no one has yet anticipated the forecoming problem, as well as the complete market revolution that will occur. Cheers! Texte by Armand Dauré
The next Napster? Copyright questions as 3D printing comes of age by Peter Hanna
Erik de Bruijn, co-founder of 3D printing company Ultimaker, working on his 3D printer.
Photo by soulfish
A very interesting illustration: The Penrose triangle
The Penrose triangle, also known as the Penrose tribar, is an impossible object. It was first created by the Swedish artist Oscar Reutersvärd in 1934. The mathematician Roger Penrose independently devised and popularised it in the 1950s, describing it as "impossibility in its purest form". It is featured prominently in the works of artist M. C. Escher, whose earlier depictions of impossible objects partly inspired it.
The tribar appears to be a solid object, made of three straight beams of square cross-section which meet pairwise at right angles at the vertices of the triangle they form.
"This proposal aims to connect street users, arts and science, linking them to under-laying spaces and their own realities. The installation was enjoyed during two weekends in January 2011 by the tourists, neighbours of La Rambla and citizens of Barcelona, a city that faces a trade-off between identity and gentrification, economic sustainability and economic growth.
This shapes through a technological ritual where the audience is released from established roles in a perspective exchange: spectator-performer, artist-tourist, observer-object.
The user becomes the producer as well as the consumer through a system that invites him/her to perform as a human statue, with a free personal souvenir as a reward: a small figure of him/herself printed three-dimensionally from a volumetric reconstruction of the person generated by the use of three structured light scanners (kinect).
The project mimics the informal artistic context of this popular street, human sculptures and craftsmen, bringing diverse realities and enabling greater empathy between the agents that cohabit in the public space.
Dataflow
All the software used in this project is free and open. Custom software has been developed using openFrameworks and openKinect in order to produce a tunable full 360 degree point cloud. Using a midi controller, the three differents input pointclouds (3 Kinects) can be adjusted in space and resolution. The resulting combined point cloud is processed by Meshlab to produce a mesh reconstruction. Skeinforge takes the mesh, previously cleaned up through Blender, and outputs a gcode file, which can feed a cnc machine (Rapman 3.1)." blablabLAB
Now 3D printing which started a few decades ago, has kept this name albeit not a printing act anymore but a construction for which a more appropriate term would be welcome.
In fact, the access to that third dimension is opening new horizons in many fields and will certainly develop in domains that are, still now, unimaginable, such as architecture.
Yes, as it is just a matter of scale and proper building material, we shall see, together with technologies yet unknown, and others already developping such as automation and robotics, the birth of new concepts.
Already, at smaller scales, we see materials being used and adapted to various purposes from the traditional sculpture, to biological matter, while on the other hand, research on stem cells allows us to foresee new domains that, yesterday, belonged to science fiction.
In 1962, Marshall Mc Luhan published his book "The Gutenberg Galaxy" in which he brilliantly forecasts the prevalence of electronic media to the detriment of printed media.
In fact what he calls "the Marconi galaxy" developped widely even though printed matter was still going on and developping as well.
He regarded wireless means of communication (and therefor created the word "media") as the future, a new era.
Little did he know (and could not imagine) the wide spread of computers, personal computers and the tremendous explosion of digital technologies.
De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (On the fabric of the human body in seven books) is a textbook of human anatomy written by Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564) in 1543.
Using modified inkjet printers into 3d printers, scientists are producing three-dimensional living biological tissue. The printer cartridges are washed out and filled with a suspension of living cells and a "smart gel". Alternating patterns of the smart gel and living cells are printed using a standard print nozzle. The cells fuse together to form tissue, and tube formation has been demonstrated with ovarian hamster cells. When finished, the gel is cooled and washed away, leaving behind only the live cells.
The gel is heat sensitive - solidifying at 32 degrees celsius and liquifying at 20 degrees
The bio-printer is the product of nScrypt Inc. It is a fully computer-controlled delivery device. Three-dimensional printing is achieved by the movable x-y stage and three z-directional printing heads. Two of these are used to print the bio-ink particles, which are extruded from a bio-cartridge (a micropipette filled with bioink particles) by the positive displacement of a piston within the micropipette. The third unit is pressure operated and is used to print the bio-paper/substrate (e.g. collagen gel). Each extruder is equipped with a camera, providing full visual control of printing.
What is the Tensiometer?
The parallel plate compression device allows determining tissue surface tension and characteristic elastic and viscous parameters. A spherical cell aggregate (A) is placed between the lower (LCP) and upper (UCP) compression plates, in the inner chamber filled with tisssue culture medium. A water jacket, the outer chamber (OC) heats up the system to maintain 37C physiological temperature. The upper plate hangs from a nickel-chromium wire (NCW) attached to an electrobalance (B) that monitors the force applied to the aggregate. Raising the lower compression plate compresses the cell aggregate. This deformation is maintained throughout the compression to measure force dissipation under constant strain. Equilibrium is reestablished through a biphasic relaxation process; the equilibrium force and the geometric parameters are used to calculate the tissue surface tension via the Laplace-Young equation. Viscoelastic properties are determined employing the full relaxation curve.
What is the Magnetic Tweezers?
The magnetic tweezers allows measuring intracellular and cell-level viscoelastic parameters. It is a 2-coil design, capable of generating a constant magnetic gradient (and implicitly a constant magnetic force) over a surface exceeding 4x105 square microns. It is a miniaturized Faraday balance mounted on the stage of an inverted Olympus IX-70 microscope. The force (in the range of 1-1000 pN) is applied unidirectionally, in the horizontal plane, through paramagnetic beads attached to the biological sample. The bead motion under magnetic force is recorded and the trajectory is determined with sub-pixel accuracy by an in-house developed particle tracking program. Physical parameters are determined from the analysis of the bead trajectory.
How to print a human organ?
Organ Printing: Future of Rapid Prototyping in Tissue Engineering
BBC News Dr. Vladimir Mironov explains organ printing technology. (2009)
US researchers at Cornell University have engineered an ear made of silicone using a 3D printer, which they hope will one day be capable of producing functional human body parts.